Implementation of Article 25-A of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in Punjab and KPK: A Critical Analysis of Government’s Memorandum and Shortcomings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.04.02.e12Keywords:
Article 25-A, Female Literacy, Free education, Uniform Policy, Schooling, HDIR, GDPAbstract
Education is one of the key factors to make a country's socio-economic conditions a better place. Pakistan, a signatory to EFA, UN conventions on education, and several other educational policies, still needs to develop the educational sector concerning free education. One of the significant causes of failure to achieve this goal is a catastrophe in strategically implementing clause Article 25-A mentioned under constitution 1973. What exactly Pakistan needs to do is to present identical policies across provinces through the competent staff for tutoring the same curriculum with the allocation of Budget at 4% of GDP while taking the complete support of bureaucracy and politicians; otherwise to boost up education sector would be considered as a vision only rather than a reality. The study also suggests that local bodies, with the help of NGOs, should take this concern from the primary level to the secondary level, at least around all provinces irrespective of gender, class, and area.
References
Masooma Habib. Education in Pakistan's Punjab: outcomes and interventions. 2013.
IPRI. "education system of Pakistan issues, problems and solutions." 2015.
Hina Shaikh & Ijaz Nabi. "The six biggest challenges facing Pakistan’s urban future." International Growth Center, 2017.
Sundus Saleemi. "How illiteracy perpetuates the oppression of Pakistani women." D+C Development and Corporation. April 08, 2021. https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/half-pakistans-women-cannot-read-or-write-any-language.
Sara Jamil. "Impact of Justiciability of the Right to Education on its Enforcement in India and Pakistan." LUMS LAW JOURNAL. 2021. https://sahsol.lums.edu.pk/law-journal/distilling-eligibility-and-virtue-articles-62-and-63-pakistani-constitution.
Robert Hunter. "EDUCATION SYSTEM PROFILES." Education in Pakistan. World Education News and Reviews, February 25, 2020.
Ziauddin Yousafzai. I AM MALALA: A RESOURCE GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS. The Global women's institution; the Goerge Washington University, 2021.
The Newspaper, 18th Amendment and education. Dawn, 2010.
Faisal Bari. "Educating all children." DAWN, 2021.
Donald B. Holsinger, INEQUALITY IN EDUCATION COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Richard Pierre Claude. "THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION." international journal on Human Rights, 2004.
Tahira Bibi. "ARTICLE 25TH A: IMPLICATIONS OF FREE AND COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION." Researchgate, 2018: 64-70.
Syed Ali Shah. "Balochistan govt cracks down on 'ghost,' absentee teachers as education sector flounders." DAWN, December 14, 2018.
OECD. "The Funding of School Education CONNECTING RESOURCES AND LEARNING." Paris: OECD, The Funding of School Education: Connecting Resources and Learning, 2017.
Anadolu Agency. "Pakistani village achieves what eludes most in the developed world: Full literacy." Punjab: The Express Tribune, September 08, 2021.
GOPFD. Education Survey. Government of Pakistan Finance Division, 2021.
Amin, Tahir. "Economic Survey 2020-21: Expenditure on education stands at 1.5pc of GDP." Business Recorder, 2021.
Tahir Amin. "Economic Survey 2020-21: Expenditure on education stands at 1.5pc of GDP." Business Recorder, 2021.
PFD. "Education- Finance Division." 2021.
Dr. Raheeq Ahmad Abbasi. "Women and Education in Islam." Minhaj-ul-Quran International. May 27, 2009. https://www.minhaj.org/english/tid/8535/Women-Education-in-Islam-article-by-dr-raheeq-ahmad-rahiq-ahmed-abbasi-nazim-e-aala-mqi-minhaj-ul-quran.html.
Muhammad Naqib, Janet Hanson, and Rubina Nawab. "testing the Relationship between Post Child Marriage Variables and a Girls' Education Level in Rural Pakistan." International Journal of Learning and Development, 2019.
Muhammad Naqib, Janet Hanson, and Rubina Nawab. "testing the Relationship between Post Child Marriage Variables and a Girls' Education Level in Rural Pakistan." International Journal of Learning and Development, 2019.
Abdul Wadood. "Illiteracy in Pakistan." Lahore: The Nation, 2021.
Hussain & Salfi. "Causes of low literacy rate in Pakistan: A survey-based study." Researchgate, 2011.
Zara Kayani. Pakistan’s Literacy Problem. September 05, 2019. https://www.project-syndicate.org/.
Punjab Government. "PFCEA." THE PUNJAB FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT, 2014.
Special Education Department, "PUNJAB SPECIAL EDUCATION POLICY." Punjab, 2020.
Baela Raza Jamil. "Handbook on Article 25-A:" Right to education. Islamabad, ICT:: PAKISTAN INSTITUTE FOR PARLIAMENTARY SERVICES (PIPS) and IDARAE-TALEEM-O-AAGHI (ITA), November 2019.
Rabea Malik, Fizza Raza, Pauline Rose, and Nidhi Singal. "Are children with disabilities in school and learning? Evidence from a household survey in rural Punjab, Pakistan." a journal of Comparative and International Education, no. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1749993 (2020).
Raja Shoaib Akbar. Punjab Free and Compulsory Education Bill, Review and Recommendations. Islamabad: Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives (CPDI), 2014.
WorldBank, PAKISTAN: Helping Private Schools for Low-income Families Improve by Offering Loans. The Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF), 2018.
PAGE. "Education Budget of Pakistan." PAKISTAN ALLIANCE FOR GIRLS EDUCATION, JUNE 18, 2020.
Amer Ejaz. Social Sector Budget Allocation in Punjab. Center of peace and development initiatives, 2021.
Muhammad Afzal Munir. "The right to education of differently-abled children." The Express Tribune, February 28, 2019.
Niaz Ali, "Teachers’ Perceptions of the Relationship between Principals’ Instructional Leadership, School Culture, and School Effectiveness in Pakistan." researchgate, 2017.
Niaz Ali, "Education in Pakistan: Are the Articles 25A and 37(b) Closing the Gender Gap in KP Province?" reseachgate, 2021.
Special Education Department. "PUNJAB SPECIAL EDUCATION POLICY." Punjab, 2020.
HDR. Human Development Report. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2019.
Khalid Khattak, "Punjab Budget: Punjab allocates Rs442 bn for the education sector." The News, 2021.
Donald B. Holsinger, W. James Jacob. Inequality in Education. SpringerLink, 2009.
Muhammad Saqib. "Root Causes of Low Female Literacy in FATA Pakistan:(A Case Study of Jalozai Camp)." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2014: 9.
Dr. Hafiz A Pasha, Pakistan National Human Development Report. Documentary, United Nations Development Program, Islamabad: Gul Awan Printers and King Faisal Printers, 2020, 31.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qamar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
