Role of Linguistic Similarity in the Acquisition of Imperative Request form by Urdu Punjabi Simultaneous Bilinguals: A Study of Bilingual Children Living in Lahore, Pakistan
Keywords:
Imperative request form, simultaneous bilingualsAbstract
The aim of this research paper is to find out the role of linguistic similarity in the acquisition of imperative request form in Urdu Punjabi simultaneous bilingual children living in Lahore, Pakistan. The hypothesis for this work adopted was whether the linguistic similarity accelerates or delays the acquisition process in these sister languages. 36 simultaneous bilinguals from 3.0-6.0 years divided into 6 groups age wise speaking Urdu and Majhi dialect of Punjabi in Lahore were interviewed and their responses were recorded. Across the group and across the language analysis was done. The results indicated that bilingual children showed the acquisition of imperative request form in both the languages during the same time period i.e. 3.5-4.0 which pointed out that the correlation between the languages facilitated the acquisition process.
References
Ellen Gutoskey. "The 20 Most spoken languages in the world", (2021)
Ernest Bender, Urdu grammar and reader (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
Tej Bhatia, Punjabi (Routledge, 2013); “Punjabi Languages.” World Atlas, 2021. https://www.worldatlas.com
Nayyara Karamat, "Phonemic inventory of Punjabi." (Annual student report, 2001), 179-83; https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/punjabi/.
Mahwish Farooq, “An acoustic phonetic study of six accents of Urdu in Pakistan." PhD diss. (University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2014). http://www.cle.org.pk/Publication/theses/2014/An%20Acoustic%20Phonetic%20Study%20of%20Six%20Accents%20of%20Urdu%20in%20Pakistan.pdf; Fakhira Riaz, "Punjabi Language: a study of language desertion." PhD diss. (National University Of Modern Languages, Islamabad, 2011); “Punjabi Language.”
Asher John, Ideology, language attitudes, and status of Punjabi in Pakistan (Ball State University, 2015).
Miriam Butt, The structure of complex predicates in Urdu (Center for the Study of Language (CSLI), 1995).
Timothy P. Johnson, Beth-Ellen Pennell, Ineke AL Stoop, and Brita Dorer, eds, Advances in comparative survey methods: Multinational, multiregional, and multicultural contexts (3MC) (John Wiley & Sons, 2018); Jamal, Najeeb. “Commonalities between Urdu and Other Pakistani Languages.” The Express Tribune (October 13, 2013), https://tribune.com.pk/story/617307/commonalities-between-urdu-and-other-pakistani-languages; Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. Linguistic genocide in education--or worldwide diversity and human rights? (Routledge, 2000).
Nazir Gill, Development of Urdu Language and Literature Under the Shadow of the British in India: Under the... (Xlibris, 2013).
Bhatia, Punjabi.
Nataliya Ivanovna Tolstaya, The Panjabi language: A descriptive grammar. Vol. 2 (Routledge, 1981).
Bhatia, Punjabi.
Johanne Paradis, “Second language acquisition in childhood.” Blackwell Handbook of Language Development (Blackwell Publishing, 2008).
Grosjean, François. Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Harvard University Press, 1982.
Anja Gampe, Antje Endesfelder Quick, and Moritz M. Daum, "Does Linguistic Similarity Affect Early Simultaneous Bilingual Language Acquisition?." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 3 (2021), 482-500.
M. I. G. U. E. L Pérez-Pereira, "Early Galician/Spanish bilingualism: contrasts with monolingualism." A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain (2008), 39-62.
María Irene Moyna, "Child acquisition and language change: Voseo evolution in Río de la Plata Spanish." In Selected Proceedings of the 11th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (Cascadilla Proceedings Project Somerville, MA, 2009), 131-142.
Wing-pik Leung, "The acquisition of linguistic politeness phenomena in Hong Kong bilingual children." HKU Theses Online (HKUTO) (2000).
Julia Marleen Böning, The Acquisition of Requests Among German-English Bilingual Children (Verlag Dr. Kovac, 2016).
Katherine Nelson, "Structure and strategy in learning to talk." Monographs of the society for research in child development (1973), 1-135.
H. Singh, “PUNJABI-ACTDPL” (2014), https://learnpunjabi.org/eos/punjabi.html.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qamar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
