Christian European Travelers' Views on Nawab Bahawal Khan III, the Muslim Ruler of Bahawalpur State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.07.01.e07Keywords:
Christian, European Travelers', Nawab Bahawal Khan III, BahawalpurAbstract
This article delves into the unique perspective of Christian European travelers on Nawab Bahawal Khan III, offering direct insights into their views on the Muslim ruler of Bahawalpur State. Other sources fail to provide a comprehensive portrayal of Nawab Bahawal Khan III's personality. These travelers encountered the nawab at various times and documented their observations about his personality, court, habits, and way of speaking in their travel accounts. Despite the predominant motive of British travelers being missionary work during that era, they surprisingly held favorable opinions about the nawab. While these travelers did forge political connections, their underlying agenda also included the propagation of Christianity. Hence, it is intriguing to note their positive opinions about a Muslim local ruler along with his generosity and delightful hospitality.
References
Muhammad Aziz-ul- Rahman Aziz, Subh-o- Sadiq, Third Edition, (Bahawalpur: Urdu Academy, 1988), 99-100.
Aziz, Subh-o- Sadiq, 109.
Arthur Conolly, Journey to North of India, Overland from England through Russia, Persia and Affghaunistaun, Vol. II (London: Richard Bentley, 1834), 283.
Conolly, Journey to North of India, Vol. II, 283-4
Charles Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, the Punjab & Kalat during a Residence in those Countries. To which is Added An Account of the Insurrection at Kalat, and a Memoir on Eastern Balochistan, Vol. I, (London: Richard Bentley, 1844), 13.
Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, 14-6.
Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, 27-8.
Sir Alexander Burnes, Travels into Bokhara; being the Account of a Journey from India to Cabool, Tartary, Persia: also, a Narrative of a Voyage on the Indus from the Sea to Lahore with Presents from the King of Great Britain: Performed under the Orders of the Supreme Government of India in the Years 1831, 1832, 1833, (London: John Murray, 1834), 93-4. 96-7 & 293.
Burnes, Travels into Bokhara; also Voyage on the Indus, 92.
Burnes, Travels into Bokhara; also Voyage on the Indus, 92-3.
Burnes, Travels into Bokhara; also Voyage on the Indus, 96-7.
Herbert Benjamin Edwardes gives a reference in his book A Year on the Punjab Frontier in 1948-49 Volume II on page number 5 that during the reign of Delhi Sultanate, a Nutkani woman nurtured a boy in the Harram of a king. As a reward, the king gave her land in Sanghar and here the Nutkani tribe settled as the owner of the area.
Herbert Benjamin Edwardes, A Year on the Punjab Frontier in 1848-49. (London: Richards Bentley, 1851), Vol. II, 5 & 250.
H. B. Edwardes, A Year on the Punjab Frontier, Vol. I, Preface x & Vol. II, 730.
H. B. Edwardes, A Year on the Punjab Frontier, Vol. II, 384-5.
Henry Edward Fane, Five Years in India; Comprising a Narrative of Travels in the Presidency of Bengal, a Visit to the Court of Ranjeet Singh, a Residence in the Himalaya Mountains, an Account of the Late Expedition to Cabul and Affghanistan, Voyage down the Indus and Journey Overland to England. (London: Henry Colburn, 1842), Vol. II, 19.
Fane, Five Years in India, Vol. II, 20-21.
Fane, Five Years in India, Vol. II, 22-3.
Sir Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan in 1838-39, (London: Henry Colburn Publishers, 1840), Vol. I, 108.
Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, Vol. I, 110.
Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, Vol. I, 107-8.
Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, Vol. I, 107.
Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, Vol. I, 112.
Henry Havelock, Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, Vol. I, 108-11.
Captain Leopold Von Orlich, Travels in India, including Sinde and the Punjab. (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1845), 133.
Orlich, Travels in India, 136.
Orlich, Travels in India, 137-8.
Orlich, Travels in India, 138-40.
Orlich, Travels in India, 140 & 142.
Orlich, Travels in India, 143-4.
Orlich, Travels in India, 145.
Orlich, Travels in India, 143-4.
Orlich, Travels in India, 146-7.
A. H. E. Boileau, Personal Narrative of a Tour Through the Western States of Rajwara, in 1835: Comprising Beekaner, Jesulmer, and Jodhpur, with the Passage of the Great Desert, and A Brief Visit to the Indus and to Buhawulpoor, Acompnied by Various Tables and Memoranda Statistical, Philological, and Geographical. (Calcutta: N. Grant Tank Saquare, 1837), 53-4.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 64.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 67.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 33-6.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 55, 65, 67.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 64-5.
Boileau, Personal Narrative, 74.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Al-Qamar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
