An Examination of Slavery in Islamic Jurisprudence: Insights from the Hanafi School of Law

Authors

  • Dr. Ahmad Hassan Associate Professor, Department of History, Government Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Associate College, Sargodha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.06.01.e07

Keywords:

Freedom, Hanafi School of Law, Islam, Rights, Slavery

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper is a descriptive analysis of the idea of slavery, under the case study of Hanafi School of Islamic jurisprudence. Although world has moved on a lot from the slavery as an institution but slavery has transformed itself into new frames whether it is bonded labor or the human trafficking. In this new context the question about the place of slavery in Islam becomes more important and critical to be addressed. This paper argues that Islam as a religion was introduced in the Arab region where slavery was much abused and victimized but Islam upgraded the social status of salves and intensely focused on kind behavior with them. This research also maintains that Islam as a religion gradually developed a societal structure that can sustain without the institution of slavery. Qualitative methodology along with primary sources has been used in this research.

References

A comparison of Bible and Quran about the rights of Slaves makes it clear that Islam has first time given so many rights to slaves. Similarly in ancient Greeco-Roman empires savage and brutal treatment with slaves was a common practice and scholars like Aristotle took slavery as something natural.

Maulana Saeed Ahmad, Slavery in Islam, trans. by Rafiq Abdur Rehman, (Karachi: Darul-Ishaat, 2000), 55.

Surah An-Nisaa, The Holy Quran, verse: 36.

Al-Bukhari transmitted it in Kitab al-Iman, Bab al-Ma‘asi min Amr al-Jahiliyyah (1:9) and in Kitab al-‘Itq, Bab Qawl al-Nabi al-‘Abid Ikhwanukum (1:346).

Ibn Majah transmitted it in Kitab al-Adab, Bab al-Ihsan ila al-Mamalik (1:271).

Abu Dawud transmitted it in Kitab al-Adab, Bab Haqq al-Mamluk (2:703).

They believe in twelve Imams. They are subdivided into two groups: Usuli and Ikhbari.

They are further split into Khojas and Bohras.

They are mostly found in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

Mohammah Hameedullah Kan, The School of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study, (New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1991), 141.

Syed Ameer Ali, Commentaries on Mahommedan Law, (New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1986), 17.

Ibid., 25-30.

Syed Abul Aala Maudidi, Tafhimat, Part Two, (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 2013), 300.

Bukhari, Kitab al-Bayyu.

Maulana Saeed Ahmad, Slavery in Islam, (2000).

Surah Muhammad, The Holy Quran, (47-4).

For details see Allama Mahmood Aalusi, (1802-1854) Ar-Rūh al-Ma'ānī fī Tafsīri-l-Qur'āni-l-'Aẓīm wa Sab'u-l-Mathānī.

Hafiz Abu Bakr Jassas al-Hanafi, Ahkam al-Quran, V-3, (Beirut: Dar ul Kutb al Ilmiya, 1994), 481.

Allama Syed Rashid Raza, al-Wahi al-Muhammadi, (Cairo: Matba’at al Manar, 1934), 254.

Al-Baqarah, The Holy Quran, verse: 177.

Al-Balad, The Holy Quran, verse: 12-14.

Maulana Saeed Ahmad, Slavery in Islam, Trans. (2000), 111.

Abdul Wahab al-Sha’rani, al-Meezan al-Kubra, V-2, Digital library India Item 2015.361041 (1862) 207.

For details, Allama Mahmood Aalusi, (1802-1854) Ar-Rūh al-Ma'ānī fī Tafsīri-l-Qur'āni-l-'Aẓīm wa Sab'u-l-Mathānī.

Fouzia Farooq Ahmed, Slavery as a Social Reality in the Early Muslim State, Injunctions, Codification and Rationale, Hamdard Islamicus, Vol: 36, No. 3. (2013), 70.

Surah al-Ma’idah, The Holy Quran, verse: 45.

Surah al-Baqarah, The Holy Quran, verse: 178.

Maulana Saeed Ahmad, Slavery in Islam, Trans. (2000), 146.

Abu Bakr, Ibn-e-Arabi, Ahkam al-Quran, Vol: 1, DKI, (2004), 159.

Surah al-Nur, The Holy Quran, verse: 32.

For details, Shah Waliullah (1703-1762), Hujjat Allah Baligah.

Hasan Ibrahim, Tarikh al-Islam al-Siyasi, Vol: 1, (Beirut: Dar Al-Jalil, 2001), 234.

Surah al-Nisa, The Holy Quran, verse: 36.

Ahmad Ibn-e-Yahya Al Bladhuri, Futuh al-Buldan, (Beirut: Dar al Nashar li al Jami’iyin, 1957), 149.

Surah al-Ahzab, The Holy Quran, verse: 50.

Syed Abul Aala Maudidi, Tafhimat, Part Two, (2013), 316.

Ibid., 324.

Syed Abul Aala Maudidi, Tafhimat, Part Two, (2013), 317.

Surah al-Noor, The Holy Quran, verse: 33.

Syed Abul Aala Maudidi, Tafhimat, Part Two, (2013),322.

Published

2023-03-31

How to Cite

Dr. Ahmad Hassan. 2023. “An Examination of Slavery in Islamic Jurisprudence: Insights from the Hanafi School of Law”. Al-Qamar, March, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.06.01.e07.

Issue

Section

Articles