صوفیاے کرام اور متصوفین کا تصورِ علم: کشف المحجوب کی روشنی میں ایک مطالعہ

Concept of Knowledge According to Sufis and Mutaswwifīn: A Study in the Light of Kashf al-Mahjūb

Authors

  • Dr. Naseer Ahmad Assistant Professor Islamic Studies Govt. M.A.O. Graduate College, Lahore
  • Dr. Sultan Sikandar Assistant Professor Islamic Studies Govt Islamia Graduate College Railway Road Lahore

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.05.02.u24

Keywords:

Saints, So-called Saints, Concepts and thoughts of knowledge, Difference of characters and objectives

Abstract

The study is on concept and thoughts of Saints and so-called Saints of knowledge. The analysis of Saints and So-called Saints’ thoughts and their definitions have been given in the essay. Saint is devotee of knowledge, and bears hardships and difficulties willingly for the sake of seeking knowledge. The basic condition for becoming saint is to seek knowledge. Saints’ knowledge helps to get Allah’s willingness and the target of it is to have recognition of Allah. Saint considers knowledge and action complementary for each other and saves his energies and stocks to spend on objectiveless and profitless knowledge. He becomes loving to Allah due to its intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. However, so called saint always targets his personal and material benefits. He prospers his life on the name of his predecessors. A lot of difference is found in the character and objectives of both partners. The person, who is embodiment of knowledge and follows the character of his predecessors, deserves to be a religious guide for Allah’s creation. Therefore, saints remained away from the so-called saints, bad scholars, and claimant of Allah’s recognition without piety.

References

Miqdad Yaljin Muhammad Ali, Ilm al-Akhlaq al-Islamiyya, Dar Alam al-Kitab, Al-Riyadh:1424 AH/2003 AD, p.45.

Gīlānī, Abu Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbdul Qādir, bin Musa (561 AH), Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, Dar al-Kitab Ulamiyyah, Beirut: 1417 AH, p. 2/272.

Maryam: 19:59.

Al-Zamakhshari, Abu al-Qasim Mahmud bin Amr (538 AH), Al-Kashshaf, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, p. 3/26.

Al-Hujwīrī, Abu 'l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAlī al-Ghaznawī al-Jullābī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, Al-Nooriya Al-Razwiyya Publishing Company, Lahore: 1435 AH, p.13.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p.17.

Ibn Mājah, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (273 AH), Al-Sunan, Dar al-Rasalat al-Alamiya, Beirut: 1430 AH, Chapters of the Sunnah, Number of Hadith: 224.

Al-Fitr: 35:28.

Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (310 AH), Jami al-Bayan fi Taweel Al-Qur'an, Musisat al-Rasalat, Beirut: 1420 AH, p. 462/20.

At-Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā (209-279 AH), Al-Jāmiʿ, Shirkat Maktaba wa Matabata Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, Egypt: 1395 AH, Abuba Al-Ilam, Hadith Number: 2682.

Al-Ghazali, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsiyy al-Ġazzālīy (505 AH), Iḥyā′ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, Dar al-Marafah, Beirut, p. 1/5.

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū ʿUmar Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Namarī al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī al-Mālikī, (463 AH), Jami' Bayan al-'Ilm wa Fadlihi, Dar Ibn Juzi, Makkah: 1414 AH, Number of Hadith: 142.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 11.

ibd, p. 14.

ibd , p. 15.

Al-Haythami, Nur al-Din `Ali ibn Abi Bakr ibn Sulayman, Abu al-Hasan (807 AH), Majmu' al-Zawa'id wa Manba' al-Fawa'id, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Beirut, 1408 AH, p. 1/19.

Al-Baqarah: 2:102.

An-Naysābūrī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj (261 AH), Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, Beirut, Kitab al-Dhikr wa Dua wa Towba wa Istgiffar, hadith number: 2722.

Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fiḍā’ ‘Imād ad-Dīn Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar (774 AH), Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, Dar Tayyaba for publication and distribution: 1420 A.H., p. 364/1.

Al-Sijistānī, Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath (275 AH), Sunan Abi Dawud, Dar al-Rasalat al-Alamiya, Vol. 1: 1430 AH, Kitab al-Ilam, chapter on seeking knowledge for the sake of Allah, number of hadiths: 3666. Sunan Ibn Majah, number of hadiths: 252.

Al-Shura: 42:20.

Sajistani, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Chapters of the Virtues of the Qur'an, Number of Hadith: 585.

Al-Jumu’ah: 62:5.

Al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Mūsā (458 AH), Shuab ul Iman, Maktab al-Rashid for Dissemination and Dissemination, Al-Riyadh: 1423 AH, Chapter on Dissemination of Knowledge, Number of Hadith: 1642.

Ibn Ḥanbal, Abu Abdullah Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal al-Dhuhlī (241 AH), Al-Musnad, Al-Risalat Institute, Beirut: 1421 AH, Musnad ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, Number of Hadith: 310.

Ghazali Iḥyā′ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, p. 59.

Al-Qushayrī, Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawazin Abū al-Qāsim (465 AH), Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya fi 'Ilm al-Tasawwuf, Dar al-Maarif, Cairo, p. 1/57. Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 18.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 18.

Al-Madini, Abu Musa Muhammad bin Umar bin Ahmad Asbahani (581 AH), Nizhat-ul-Huffaz, Masisat al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, Beirut, p. 99.

As-Saf: 61:2.

Abi Al-Shaykh, Abu Muhammad 'Abd Allah Ibn Muhamma (369 AH), Kitab al-Amthal fi Hadith al-Nabawi, Dar al-Salfiyyah, Bombay, India: 1408 AH/1987 AD, p. 276. al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit ibn Aḥmad ibn Māhdī al-Shāfiʿī, (392-463 AH), Iktida' al-'ilm al-'amal, Al-Muktab al-Islami, Beirut: 1397 AH, Number of Hadith: 70.

Ibn Kathīr, . Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, p. 9/1.

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū, Jami' Bayan al-'Ilm wa Fadlihi, Number of Hadith: 1266.

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū, Jami' Bayan al-'Ilm wa Fadlihi, Number of Hadith: 1233.

Al-Dārimī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (255 AH), Musnad al-Darimi, Dar al-Mughni for distribution and distribution, Saudia: 1412 AH, Number of Hadith: 342.

Ibn Ḥanbal, Abu Abdullah Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal al-Dhuhlī (241 AH), Al-Zuhd, Dar al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Beirut: 1420 AH, Chapter Fi Fazl Abi Hurirah, Number of Hadith: 868.

Khalifa, Dr. Abdul Hakeem, Fiqr Iqbal, Bazm Iqbal, Lahore: 2010, p: 249.

Al-Ghuzi, Najm al-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad Shafi’i (1061 AH), Hasan al-Tanabuh lima warad fi al-Tashbuh, Dar al-Nawadir, Syria:1432 AH, p:587/2.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 18.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 17. Al-Ghazali Iḥyā′ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, p. 327.

Al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, p. 18.

Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Dr. Naseer Ahmad, and Dr. Sultan Sikandar. 2022. “صوفیاے کرام اور متصوفین کا تصورِ علم: کشف المحجوب کی روشنی میں ایک مطالعہ: Concept of Knowledge According to Sufis and Mutaswwifīn: A Study in the Light of Kashf Al-Mahjūb”. Al-Qamar 5 (2):273-82. https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.05.02.u24.

Issue

Section

Articles