The tendency of Islamophobia and Comportment of the World: Analytical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.04.02.e07Keywords:
Islamophobia, Anti-Muslim, Discrimination, Islam, WestAbstract
Islamophobia denotes discriminatory tendency and racism against Islam perceivers. A pol-religion originated concept is not just a phenomenon but is growingly deployed for a new zone of the research study in social sciences. It also raised controversy on its reference to religion. Western philosophy of equal rights and a safe area for minorities is under question. The article describes the frequent incidents of Islamophobia. It highlights the causes and impacts of Islamophobia on global society. This research paper will also explore the role of Pakistan in this crucial tendency. This paper will assist in further research and study this field deeply. It will present the points countering such discriminatory behavior.
References
Bleich, E. (2011). What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is There? Theorizing and Measuring an Emerging Comparative Concept. American Behavioral Scientist, 55. doi:10.1177/0002764211409387
Ali, W., Clifton, E., Duss, M., Fang, L., Keyes, S., & Shakir, F. (2011). Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress.
Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
Lee, S. A., Gibbons, J. A., Thompson, J. M., & Timani, H. S. (2009). The Islamophobia Scale: Instrument development and initial validation. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(2), 92-105. doi:10.1080/10508610802711137
Runnymede Trust, and Gordon Conway. 1997. Islamophobia: a challenge for us all. London: Runnymede Trust.
Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
Aslam, T. (2021). Islamophobia: Causes and consequences. The Nation.
Karipek, A. (2020). Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of Islamophobia. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 5(2), 210-255. doi:10.13169/islastudj.5.2.0210
Clay, R. A. (2017). Islamophobia. Monitor on Psychology, 48(4), 34.
Abu-Sway, M. (2005). Islamophobia: meaning, manifestations, and causes. Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 12(2).
Groll, E. (2015). Holland's Post-Paris Power Grab. Foreign Policy.
Abu-Sway, M. (2005). Islamophobia: meaning, manifestations, and causes. Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 12(2).
Bryant, E. (2015). French court rules school lunches may include pork; Muslims alarmed. The Washington Post.
Marathe, O. (2020). Explained: What is behind the calls to “boycott France’ in the Muslim world? The Indian Express.
International Religious Freedom Report for 2014. (2014). Retrieved from https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2014religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper
Center, P. R. (2011). How Muslims and Westerners view each other. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2011/07/21/chapter-2-how-muslims-and-westerners-view-each-other/
Dobson, R. (2014). British Muslims face the worst job discrimination of any minority group, according to research. Independent.
Shakoor, S. (2019). Islamophobia in UK schools. Kidscape.
Githens-Mazer, J., & Lambert, R. (2010). Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Hate Crime: A London case-study. Retrieved from:
https://lemosandcrane.co.uk/resources/Islamophobia_and_Anti-Muslim_Hate_Crime.pdf
Staff, U. S. N. (2019). 10 Countries That Take the Most Immigrants. U.S. News and World Report.
International Religious Freedom Report for 2014. (2014). Retrieved from
https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2014religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper
Eddy, M. (2015). In Sweden, the Land of the Open Door, Anti-Muslim Sentiment Finds a Foothold. The New York Times.
Islam does not belong in Germany;, 60% agree with AfD. (2016). RT News.
Naeem, H. (2015). It is not just the West, Islamophobia is on the rise in Pakistan too. The Express Tribune.
Suleiman, I. O. (2017). Internalized Islamophobia: Exploring the Faith and Identity Crisis of American Muslim youth. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(1).
Kurt, A. (2008). Two Solutions for Islamophobia. The Pen Magazine.
Suleiman, I. O. (2017). Internalized Islamophobia: Exploring the Faith and Identity Crisis of American Muslim youth. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(1).
Easat-Daas, A. (2019). How to tackle Islamophobia – the best strategies from around Europe. The Conversation.
Istriyani, R. (2016). Media: Causes and Strategies to Overcome Islamophobia (Psychological and Sociological Study). QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 4, 201. doi:10.21043/Fijis.v4i2.1759
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qamar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.