علتِ ربوٰ میں فقہاے کرام کا اختلاف اور کرنسی نوٹ پر اس کا اثر: ایک فقہی اور تنقیدی جائزہ
Difference of Jurists’ Opinions regarding the Effective Cause of Interest and its Impact on Currency Note: A Juristic and Critical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.05.03.u08Keywords:
Illat-e-Riba, Fuloos, Gold and Silver, Sarf, ThamanAbstract
There has been a difference of opinion among the jurists regarding the Shariah ruling of the currency notes. The reason that led to this difference was the lack of elaborations in classical fiqh, as at that time the only prevailing currencies were gold and silver. Metal coins namely fuloos were also available but their usage was limited to only those transactions that involved low-priced goods.
The status of currency notes remained controversial in the past until eventually the contemporary scholars accepted currency notes as gold and silver while applying the shariah rulings of Riba and Bai’ Sarf on them. Contrarily, numerous scholars from the Indo-Pak subcontinent have rejected the idea of applying the rulings of Riba and Bai’ Sarf on Currency Notes on the basis of the Hanafi school’s elaborated effective cause of Riba (Illat-e-Riba).
The reason for this difference of opinion is the variety of viewpoints available among scholars regarding the effective cause of Riba. In the current literature, the majority of the research is carried out regarding the juristic nature and other aspects of this issue. However, in this paper, we discuss the actual cause of the controversiality in the effective cause of Riba and its impact on the currency note.
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The details are mentioned in the beginning.
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Justice Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Buhuth Fi Qadhayah Fiqhiyyah Mu’asarah (Damascus: Dar al-Qalam, 1424H), pp. 143-172; Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Fiqh al-Buyu’ ala Madhahib al-‘Arba’h Ma’ Tarbiqatiha al-Mu’asarah Muqarinan bi al-Qawanin al-Wadh’eyyah (Karachi: Maktabah Ma’arif al-Quran, 1436H), 2:733-736.
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However, the Hanafis have differentiated among gold, silver and other weighable commodities with the title of “Bai’ al-Ghayeb bin Najiz”, as mentioned earlier.
Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Fatawa Usmani (Karachi: Maktabah Ma’arif al-Quran, 1431H), 3:143.
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Majallah Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami, al-Sadirah an Munazzamah al-Mu’tamar al-Islami Jeddah, Al-Adad al-Salith, Qarar No: 9, p. 23.
Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, Shari’ah Standards, 1431H, Standard No: 1,P. 4.
Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Islam aur Jadeed Ma’shi Masayel (Lahore: Idarah Islamiat, 1429H), 2:44.
Justice Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Takmilah Fath al-Mulhim (Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1426H), 1:543-544.
Fakhruddin al-Zaila’I, Tibyeen al-Haqayeq, 4:88.
Justice Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Takmilah Fath al-Mulhim, 1:543-544.
Justice Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Ahkam al-Auraq al-Naqdiyyah, Buhuth Fi Qadhayah Fiqhiyyah Mu’asarah, pp. 143-172.
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