پیغمبرِاسلام کا یہودِ مدینہ سے سلوک: ولیم منٹگمری واٹ اور رابرٹ اسپنسر کی آراء کا تقابلی جائزہ
Prophet Muhammad’s treatment with Jews of Medina: A Comparative Study of W. Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer’s Views
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.04.01.u17Keywords:
The Holy Prophet, Watt, Spencer, Jews, MedinaAbstract
A majority of western scholars have targeted the polices and treaties of Prophet Muhammad with Jews of Medina. This paper compares a number of historical information about the Prophet Muhammad relationship with Jews presented by W. Montgomery Watt and Robert Spencer in their Quran Commentaries. The study adopts qualitative and descriptive research method. For this purpose, explanatory notes of both scholars about the different verses of Quran on the present topic were selected, analyzed and compared in the light of Quranic sciences of Tafsir. The research shows that Prophet Muhammad’s teachings and actions uphold human values and tolerance. The Prophet Muhammad never imposed anybody to become Muslim at that time. This paper rejects views and hostile blames of both western scholars. This paper also describes the context of the Prophet Muhammad treatment with Jews of Medina. While Prophet Muhammad has been criticized for taking advantage of this power and being violent, this article argues otherwise. Through the examples provided, it becomes evident that Prophet Muhammad preferred peace first and foremost at all times.
References
Dr. Hāfiz Muhammad Saʻad ullāh, Islāmī Riāsat aur Ghair Muslim Shehrī (Lahore: Aks Publication , n.d), 628.
Abdul Qādir Jīlānī, Islām, Paghamber e Islām aur Mustashraqīn Maghrib kā andāz e fikar (New Dehli: Aaraib Publication, 2007), 325.
Abul Aʻlā Maudūdī, Al-Jihād Fī al-Islām (Lahore: Holy Quran Complex, 2006 AD),302.
G.M. Draycott, Muhammad: Founder of Islam (New York: Dood,Mead & Company,1916),177.
Canon Sell, Life of Muhammad ( London: Chiristian Literacy Society, 1913 AD), 160-161.
Rev. Canon Edward Sell , Life of Muhammad,(London: Forgotten Books, 2018 AD) ,161.
E Roystan Pike, Muhammad, Founder of the religion of Islam (London:Weifen Field & Nicolson,1962 AD),49.
P.D.Lacy Johnstone, Muhammad and His Power (New York:Charies Scribers's,1901 AD),17 .
Dr. William Montgomery Watt is a famous Scottish Orientalist and Islamic Scholar. He was born in 1909. He got his higher education from Edinburgh and Oxford Universities. The last Orientalist died in 2006. He wrote many books and articles on Islam, Quran and life of the Prophet Muhammad. He also wrote a commentary of the Quran “Companion to the Quran” along with his other books on the Quran.
Robert Spencer is an American anti-Islamic writer. He was born in 1962 and has a background in Catholic Christianity. He got his Master Degree from University of Chapal Hill. He is a Director of the website Jihad Watch. He has published more than twenty books on Islam, Quran and other themes. His two books have been the New York Times best seller books. He also wrote a Quran commentary, “Blogging the Quran”. His has planned to publish his new Quran commentary, “The Critical Quran: The key Islamic commentary and Contemporary Historical Research” in November 2021
William Montgomery Watt, Companion to the Quran: Based on The Arberry Translation (London: George Allon & Unwin Ltd., 1969), 192.
Watt, Companion,192.
Watt, Companion, 259.
Watt, Companion, 259.
Watt, Companion, 259
Spencer, Truth about Muhammad, 164.
Zayed, The Lies about Muhammad, (New York: Create Space,2010),52.
Robert Spencer, Blogging the Quran,121,accessed November 4, 2013. . http://www.jihadwatch.org
Spencer, Blogging,158.
Spencer, Blogging,153.
Spencer, Blogging,152.
Al-Imrān 3:64.
Al-ʻAnkabūt 29:44.
Al-Taobah 9:29
Muhammad ezāz ullāh and Ibād ur Reḥmān,”A critical review of the orientalists’ queries on theProphet’s dealings with the people of book.” ecta islamica 3 No.1(2015):18.
Dr. Muhammad Hamīd Ullāh, Ehd-e-Nabvī Main Nizām-e-Hukmarānī (Lahore: Nigārshāt Publishers; 2014 AD),67-89.
Syed Sabāh ud Dīn Abdul Rehmān, Islām Main Mazhabī Rawādārī (Lahore:Dār-al-Ashūr,2010 AD),70, 71.
Ahmad Ibn Ali Ibn Hajar, Fatah Al-bārī Sharaḥ Ṣahīḥ Al-Bukhārī (Beirūt: Dār al-Mʻarifah, 1989 AD), 7:314.
Muhammad ezāz ullāh and Ibād ur Reḥmān,”A critical review of the orientalists’ queries on the Prophet’s dealings with the people of book.” ecta islamica 3 No.1(2015):26.
Sʻad Ullāh, Islāmī Riyāsat, 707.
Maulānā Shokat ʻAlī Qāsimī, “Islām main Dīgar Aqwām aur Ahle Mazahib k Sāth hussan-e-salūq,” Monthly Daralualoom 93, No. 5&6 (2019): 6.
Abdul Malik Ibn Hishām, Al Sīrah al Nabavīyyah (Egypt: Maktba’h al- Muʻāfā al-Bāb al-alb, 1955 AD), 3:54.
Al-Imām Abū Abdullāh Muhammad Ibn Hasan al-Shaybānī, Al-Siyar Al-Kabīr (Cario: Dār al-Kutab Ilmiyah, 1997 AD), 4:5.
Abū al-Fidā Hammād Ud Dīn Ibn-e-Kathīr, Al-Sirāh Al-Nabawiyya (Lahore: Maktabah Qadūsiyah , 1996 AD),3:5.
Ezāz Ullāh and Ibād ur Reḥmān,”A critical review of the Orientalists,21.
Ali Ibn Burhān Ud Dīn Ḥalbī, Al Sīraat Al-Ḥalbiyah (Beirūt: Dār al-Maʻrfat, n.d), 2:475.
Ibn-e-Hishām, Al Sīrah al-Nabaviyyah, 3:54.
Ibn-e-Kathīr, Al-Sīrah Al-Nabawiyyah, 3:6.
Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman,130.
Abū Jaʻfar Muhammad Ibn Jarīr al-Tabarī , Tārīkh al-ʻUmām wal Malūk (Beirūt : Dār-e- Sevīdan ,1968 AD),2 :172.
Saʻd Ullāh, Islāmī Riyāsat, 638.
Hamīd Ullāh, Paghambar-e-Islām, 592.
Abū Dāwūd, Al-Sunan, Kitāb Al Khirāj wa alfaiṣīḥ wa Al-Amārata Bāb Kaif Kān Ikhrāj Al-Yahūd Min al-Madīna, 2:73-74.
Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman (London: Oxford University Press, n.d),149.
Muhammad Ibn ʻUmar Al-Wāqidī, Kitāb al-maghāzī (Beirūt: al-Majlis al-ʻIlmī, 1972 AD),1: 367.
Al-Wāqdī , Kitāb al-maghāzī,1 : 367-369.
Syed Abū Al-ʻAlā Mudūdī, Yahūdiat Qurān kī Roshnī mai ,edt., Naeem Sidīqī and Abdul Al-Wakīl ʻAlwī (Lahore: Idārah Tarjamān al-Qurān, 1995 AD), 177.
Abū Abdullāh Muhammad Ibn Sʻad Al-Baṣrī, Al-Ṭabqāt Al-kubrā (Beirūt: Dār al-Fikr,1994 AD), 2:288.
Dr. Muhammad Hamīd Ullāh, Rasūl-e-Akram Kī Siyāsī Zindagī (Lahore: Dār al-Ishāʻat, 2017 AD), 223.
Al-Shaybānī, Al-Siyar Al-Kabīr, 4:5.
Muhammad Hussain Haikal, Ḥayāt-e-Muhammad (Cairo: Anāfah al-ʻArbia, 1947 AD), 333.
Haikal, Ḥayāt-e-Muhammad , 335.
Haikal, Ḥayāt-e-Muhammad , 439.
Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman,149.
Haikal, Ḥayāt-e-Muhammad , 339.
Al-Ṭabrī, Tārīkh al-Amam wal Mulūk, 2: 228.
Dr. Muhammad Hamīd Ullāh, “Jihād-e-Islāmī,” Monthly Bedari, No.4 (2004):26.
Amīr Ali, Rūḥ-e-Islām (Dehlī: Islāmic Book Centre, 2005 AD),175-176.
Allāma Shiblī Nuʻmānī And Allāma Syed Sulemān Nadvī ، Sīrat Un Nabī (Lahore: Al Burhān Nashrān O Tājrān Kutab 2006 AD),1 :262.
Ṣafī Ul Raḥmān Mubārakpūrī, Al Raḥīq al-Makhtūm (Lahore: Al-Maktabāt al Salfiyah, 2018 AD), 429.
Abū al-Qāsim Abu Raḥmān Ibn Abdullah, Al-Rozul ʻUnaf (Beirūt: Dār al-Turāth al-ʻArbī, 2000 AD), 2: 16.
Pīr Muhammad Karam Shāh Al-Azharī, Ziā Un Nabī (Lahore: Ziā ul-Qurān Publications,2000), 7: 11.
Miān Mujāhid Shāh and Dr. Muhammad Naeem, “An Introduction to the Philosophy and Ethics of War in Islam,” Journal of Religious Studies, University of Chitral 3 No.1 (2019): 109.
Al-Azharī, Ziā un Nabī, 7: 14.
Ahmed Ibn Alī Ibn Ḥajar, Fataḥ al-Bārī (Beirūt: Dār al-Mʻarifah, 1989 AD), 4: 393.
Dr. Aṭā Ul Reḥmān and Saʻīd Akhtar,"Muhammad's (SAW) Treatment of the Jewish Tribes: A Critique of Robert Spencer's Views, "Burjis 3, No.2 (2016): 7.
Robert Spencer, Truth about Muhammad: Founder of the World's Most Intolerant Religion (New York : Regnery Publishing, 2007), 37-38.
Watt, Muhammad at Medina (London: Oxford University Press, 1956 AD),178-179.
Al-Azharī, Ziā Un Nabī, 7: 15.
Stanley Lane Poole, The Prophet and Islam(Lahore: National Book Society, 1959 AD), 29.
F. M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2012 AD), 65.
Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and statesman,175.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qamar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
