سیرتِ نبوی ﷺ اور خلافتِ راشدہ میں غیر مسلم اقلیتوں کے حقوق: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Rights of Non-Muslim Minorities in the Prophetic Seerah and the Rashidun Caliphate: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This chapter discusses the rights of non-Muslim minorities in the light of the Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Rashidun Caliphate. It explains that Islam established a system based on justice, tolerance, and equality, in which non-Muslims were granted protection of life, property, religion, and social dignity. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) allowed non-Muslims to practice their religion freely and protected their places of worship and personal laws. He also showed kindness and respect toward them through good social relations and fair treatment. The Qur’anic principle, “There is no compulsion in religion,” remained the basis of this policy.

The Rightly Guided Caliphs continued the same approach. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Hazrat Umar (RA), Hazrat Uthman (RA), and Hazrat Ali (RA) ensured justice and security for non-Muslim citizens. Their religious freedom was protected, unfair taxes were not imposed upon them, and poor and weak non-Muslims were supported through Bayt al-Mal. The chapter concludes that the Seerah and the Rashidun Caliphate provide a practical model of peaceful coexistence, justice, and protection of minority rights in an Islamic state.